Essential Oils Biological Components

Essential Oils Biological Components Essential oils are complex mixtures of many components, about 20-60 can be present at different concentrations depending on the oil.According to Bakkali et al(2008) they are characterized by components of the highest concentrations, there are usually 2 or 3 main components in each oil compared to some components in trace amounts. Major components of the oils determine the biological activity of the oils however the components in smaller amounts produce an additive effect(Bakkali et al, 2007). Chemical analysis of lemongrass and cinnamon oil distinguished several compounds. Terpenes are able to form structurally and functionally different classes. They are made from combinations of several 5 carbon units called isoprenes (Pichersky and Gershenzon). According to Bakkali et al (2007) terpenes constitute 90% of essential oils. Tyagi and Malik (2010) found that phenols and aldehydes exhibited the highest vapour activity followed by alcohols, ketones and esters and lastly hydrocarbons. Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC MS) analysis found cinnamon oil contains high amounts of trans cinnamldehyde at 86.9% and eugenol at 6.2% as major components. Eugenol has been found to have antifungal activity (Cheng et al, 2008) as has Cinnamyl acetate, 4-terpineol, 1,8 cineole. The additive effects of the main components have been reported in one study, a mixture of cinnamaldehyde and eugenol inhibited growth of staphylococcus species whereas when they were applied individually they did not inhibit growth (Marei et al, 2007). Lemongrass exhibited a high concentration of citral, this has two isomers, geranial (trans citral) which presented at 51.3% and neral (cis citral) at 37.4% as major components of this oil. Usually one isomer does not occur without the other. In addition to the essential oil consists of small quantities of geraniol(alcohol) which often co exists with geranial and neral (Chen and Vilojen, 2010).,This study found strong activity of geraniol against Candida albicans (Chen and Vilojen, 2010). Geranyl acetate (Hanaa et al,2012)and limonene (Gehan et al 2012) have also been found to have antifungal properties. Similar concentration found in this analysis have been previously reported by Inouye et al (2003) A study also found lemongrass oil to show higher anticandidal activity against strains of superficial mycoses than citral suggesting additive effects of minor components (Kumar et al 2012) 4.2 Vapour phase Using the vapour phase has been a fairly recent advancement, Tyagi and Malik (2010) found that essential oils in the liquid medium form micelles and supress the attachment of the essential oils to the organism, however the vapour state allows for free attachment although studies have been carried out there is no standard assay to evaluate inhibition by vapour phase contact (Avila-Sosa et al,2012).A further study also stated that in liquid medium the diffusability and solubility of the essential oil whilst in vapour depends on the volatility of each compound and in a vapour form can facilitate the solubilisation of lipophilic monoterpenes better by inflicting higher cell damage on the cell membrane(Taweechaisupapong et al, 2012) Rana (2012) found with Candida dublienesis ,where the essential oil is placed directly under the fungi the growth is completely inhibited as the vapours are the most volatile here .So growth is fungicidal until a certain point, as the volatile vapours spread out the concentration of the vapours is not high enough to inhibit growth so a fungistatic effect is produced. Although this effect was not produced with Candida albicans it demonstrates how the vapours work. Therefore a dispersal method would be more effective as there would be an even distribution of the oil. If volatile compounds retained less effectively therefore allowing more molecules in the vapour phase with increased antifungal activity promotes fungicidal effect at lower concentrations(Lopez et al ,2005) thought to be due to better penetration and contact(Tyagi and Malik, 2010). 4.3 Bonding and compounds Essentail oils cannot be used on their own as they are classed as irritants according to health and safety (Look at COSHH form)therefore a method is required where the oil is not as concentrated and can be used in application such as sprays where it is easier to distribute. Essential oils are expensive therefore if mixed with a carrier oil which are usually cheaper and more readily available. The essential oils blended with carrier oils showed a significant difference in the results for example at 25Â µl(p

Sexual identity and gender stereotyping

Culture is a body of common beliefs, traditions, values and principles which are shared by members of a particular group. A culture helps to determine the behaviors, attitudes and expectations of its people. Every society or community has some traditions, beliefs and customs regarding either gender. Most of this expectations are based on the sexual identity of one being either male or female which emanate from their different roles in human reproduction and variations in their physical characteristics. Cultural views on sexual identity comprises of beliefs, expectations and constraints of what men or women are supposed to do or not to do. Sexual identity refers to the level or degree to which we identify ourselves as male or female depending on various social, cultural and biological aspects . Our culture has various ways of distinguishing between the two major sexual identities. As a result, the expectations and constraints imposed on a woman are different from those imposed on the males. The fact that women give birth and lactate exposes them to certain constraints in their motherly roles in the society. For instance, our culture tends to view females as receptive and the males as intrusive in their respective sexual behaviors. Though such constraints are presumed to be less pervasive in the society today due to the fact that our culture is evolving into a modern social structure away from the hunter-gatherer kind of socio-economic life it used to be, the distinction between the two sexes still remains quite pervasive in terms of behavior, roles and interests . Many sociologists have traced the origin of such differences to the different cultural norms put forward by our culture to the society. Since birth, boys and girls become accustomed to different cultural standards either consciously or unconsciously which reflect their respective roles later in life. For instance, girls tend to take up the role of mothers and caretakers in the family while boys are taught to be the heads of the family as the bread-winners and protectors. The differentiation between male and female behaviors is a matter which is deeper than the concept of contextual relativism in the culture. Apart from behaviors, roles and expectations based on sexual identity, our culture has led to the evolution of some gender stereotypes which are associated with a particular sex whether male or female . The spread of such classical stereotypes in the media particularly dominates the society today. Both print and electronic media clearly indicate the different cultural standards of men and women in the society together with their varying capabilities based on their sexual identities. Until recently, the media has depicted the female gender as a weaker sex in terms of the roles, professions and the society expectations as compared to the male gender. However, the continued calls for gender equality has led to certain media portraits which show that women are as capable as their male counterparts thus removing the long held constraints and stereotypes imposed by our culture on women which tend to undermine their professional capabilities. Houston stresses on four major gender stereotypes. She puts them across as; men are afraid of commitments, men are bound to say or do anything in order to prevent their partners from discovering that they are cheating on them, women concentrate too much on what men say or do and finally, a woman can use any available strategy to keep a man. Such gender stereotypes she adds, are the source of certain phrases like ‘just like women', ‘men are dogs' and so forth which tend to associate men and women with certain behaviors and not others. As a young woman, all these cultural views have shaped my behavior and my self-understanding as such in various ways. For a young person to understand his or her sexual identity, it is vital to solve the tension caused by numerous cultural values between ‘who i am' and ‘what how the society views or expects of me'. As a woman, the culture expects me to be submissive and to behave as so especially when dealing with the male gender. Moreover, our culture expects women not to show their interest towards men as they are said to be the ‘hunters' and women the ‘hunted ‘. Such cultural values expect women to suppress their feelings and behave in a particular manner in matters concerning their sexual orientation and identity in the society. All these cultural views have shaped my personal behavior as a woman and my view on the whole concept of sexual identity. Due to the numerous gender stereotypes, behaviors, expectations and constraints imposed on the different sexes, there arises some tension between religious and societal values. Our culture which views women as second to men has consequently put some cultural restrictions which burr women from top positions in the religious matters and other societal issues. However, some cultural values tend to be in consistency with religious value in that in both cases, women especially those who are married are expected to act in a submissive way when dealing with their husbands. It can thus be said that, the environment and the cultural background in which one is brought up largely influences his or her future relationships with the opposite sex and other people in the society. Many gender stereotypes have adverse effects on future relationships especially for the young people who wish to establish stable and strong foundations for their future family lives. For instance, the stereotype that all men promoted by our culture are polygamous or unfaithful can have detrimental the women's ability to trust men hence the increased number of divorces in the modern society . From a theological point of view, marriage is seen as a vocation, covenant, sacrament, communion and a lasting partnership . However, this views are exposed to various interpretations especially in the cultural context of the modern society.

What Everybody Dislikes About Scholarly and Popular Article Comparison Essay Samples and Why

What Everybody Dislikes About Scholarly and Popular Article Comparison Essay Samples and Why Sum up all of the information which you have presented so that people are able to identify whether your conclusion has lived up to the content of what you've written. Put simply, there's a plausible counter-argument to your argument, which you have to answer, and not only a flimsy counter-claim. There are not any other evidences or arguments supplied by the report to affirm the trustworthiness of the described facts. The motive of your essay is essential to be regarded as as it can identify whether you are able to be of help to the men and women who want a specific educational reference. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Scholarly and Popular Article Comparison Essay Samples The above mentioned compare and contrast essay topics are only a few of the numerous topics you'll be able to decide to talk about in your essay. There's an endless number of different essay topics which can be analyzed. You can begin with the kind of topic you pick for your compare and contrast essay. It is possible to even begin to sketch a few similarities and differences between the subject you brainstormed so you have a notion on how complicated it's going to be to compose the essay. Once you've built up all of the information regarding your essay, you're prepared to wrap this up. You can also see travel essay. You might also see interview essay. The full essay needs to be relevant to it. You are able to restate your thesis statement and point out a number of the arguments used over the whole essay that backs it up. You could also see concept essay. Compare and contrast essay examples are a few of the simplest college essays you'll ever have to write. Therefore, an analytical essay is a bit of writing that offers an informative observation about the particular topic or idea. It is possible to also order a fully written compare and contrast essay and alleviate the quantity of work you need to do. The level of formality should thus be quite high. The course materials which you want to speak about within an academic essay can reflect your degree of understanding about the matter. If you understand how to compose an article critique, you will readily finish the assignment not based on its complexity and formatting peculiarities. Use an organic vocabulary that you're comfortable with. Lucky for you, there are several topics you could concentrate on when writing and it's all your responsibility to ascertain the precise topic that you wish to build on. The process as embedded reviews are interested in instance, email only. In case it's a scientific article being reviewed, the author is going to be asked to use database searches to retrieve the outcomes of the search. So long as you present a background info about your paper as briefly as possible. So now you understand how to pick the best compare and contrast topics and the various segments which you have to address when writing. The Ultimate Scholarly and Popular Article Comparison Essay Samples Trick If necessary, you could always turn to professionals to supply you with a nudge or assist you with your topics or sources. You'll also become peaceful since you've delegated the job of thinking up a topic and essay t competent professionals. Based on the subject of education where you are in, you will need to ensure your readers can observe patterns of evidence presented so that they can clearly see how you had the ability to generate and produce insights. Given the increasing paranormalism in the united states, it might be the opposite. Finding Scholarly and Popular Article Comparison Essay Samples The very first thing you ought to do is identify the sort of compare and contrast essay which you are handling. In the majority of cases, work consumes most of the time for people leaving limited time to think of original psychology arguments. You must present your topic, obviously, and also your thesis statement that has the function of indicating to your readers what is the probable path of the full work. There are difference contexts that could be used within the identical subj ect so that you need to make certain that you will be clear in regards to identifying the section of the topic that you're going to chat about.

I Conducted An Interview With Robin Layton And I Was Given

I conducted an interview with Robin Layton and I was given consent to use her personal information to write this paper. It took place in the library lasting for approximately 12 minutes on February 28, 2017. The interview’s purpose was to focus on the client’s story, strengths, needs and the goals. The purpose of this paper is to critique myself as a social worker. It is also important that I learn to analyze my performance and to see which areas I need improvement in when interacting with clients in the field. This will ensure advancement so that I can better myself and the situation my clients and I will have while working in the field. 2) Interview Stages A. The beginning part of the interview was effective, however†¦show more content†¦By doing these steps to make sure she was relaxed, EE gave a positive vibe with the tone of her voice and her body language and this expressed she was content with meeting with a female counselor. B. I would say I accomplished the interview purpose well. It wasn’t very effective, but it was effective enough to direct the interview towards finding the needs and goals of the client. By using techniques such as, listening, information sharing, questioning, and paraphrasing, I gathered the information needed to evaluate her needs and goals. After defining what the student outreach program was, I asked her an opened ended question to find out what her needs were [2.21]. Her problem was her need to manage her time more effectively and to better plan her time without procrastination. While discussing her problems, I discovered that we need to find ways to reduce her stress so that she can feel better about herself. When EE expressed these feelings of stress to me I reassured her I was listening and letting her know that I was there for her with nonverbal cues; eye contact, an empathetic facial expression, and understanding. During that time, I made sure to communicate empathy by mirroring and using empathic echo [2.24- 3.59]. An example of this is when she told me the reason why she came to get help. My response was expressed through an empathic reflection with her to make sure that she knewShow MoreRelatedOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesreferences. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed